常見鋼結構廠房的設計問題

Common Design Problems of Steel Structure Workshop

很多廠房在搭建時，都會選用鋼結構材質，因為鋼結構強度大，建筑成本比較低，施工周期短，對于鋼結構廠房在設計時，有哪些常見問題呢？

Many factory buildings are built with steel structure materials, because the steel structure is strong, the construction cost is relatively low, and the construction period is short. What are the common problems in the design of steel structure factory buildings?

1、基礎問題：主要表現為地基強度，地基變形以及地基破壞三個方面。強度問題集中在因承載力不足引起的基礎穩定性不足的問題，變形問題多發生在荷載地基易出現不均勻的沉降、過大變形的軟土、膨脹土、濕陷性黃土以及季節凍土等地區，破壞問題主要呈現為局部或整體的剪切破壞及沖切剪切破壞等形式。

1. Foundation problems: Foundation strength, foundation deformation and foundation failure are the main manifestations. Strength problems mainly focus on the insufficient stability of foundation caused by insufficient bearing capacity. Deformation problems often occur in the areas of uneven settlement of loaded foundation, soft soil with excessive deformation, expansive soil, collapsible loess and seasonally frozen soil. The failure problems mainly take the form of local or integral shear failure and punching shear failure.

2、鋼屋蓋系統的設計問題

2. Design of Steel Roof System

鋼結構廠房鋼屋蓋大部分的承重構件由細長、壁薄的桿件組成，截面的形狀較為復雜，節點的應力相對集中且存在偏心，在進行屋蓋系統的設計時，計算荷載與計算簡圖接近于計算的極限狀態，系統構件承載力的儲備有限，相應的系統對于溫度、超載及腐蝕的作用十分敏銳，偶然的因素就可能導致其失效。

Most bearing components of steel roof of steel structure factory building are composed of slender and thin-walled members. The shape of section is complex, the stress of joints is relatively concentrated and eccentricity exists. When designing roof system, the calculation load and calculation sketch are close to the limit state of calculation. The reserve of bearing capacity of system members is limited, and the corresponding system plays a role in temperature, overload and corrosion. Very sensitive, accidental factors may lead to its failure.

3、檁條、墻梁與拉條問題

3. Purlins, Wall Beams and Strings

鋼結構廠房工程的檁條、拉條與墻梁多選用Z形、C形的實腹式冷彎薄壁型鋼材，這種類型的鋼材具有整體剛度較好的優點，截面的回轉半徑與慣性矩較大，可以充分發揮材料性能。

In purlin, tension bar and wall beam of steel structure factory building, Z-shaped and C-shaped solid-web cold-formed thin-walled steel is mostly used. This kind of steel has the advantages of good overall stiffness, larger turning radius and inertia moment of section, and can give full play to material performance.

鋼結構車間的防火保護措施

Fire protection measures for steel structure workshop

1、澆筑混凝土砌筑磚塊法，可在鋼結構車間上現澆成型或者采用噴射工藝也行，比較適用于沒有保護面板的鋼柱防火保護，或者容易碰撞的鋼柱。

1. The method of pouring concrete bricks can be cast in situ or sprayed in steel structure workshop. It is more suitable for steel columns without protective panels for fire protection or easy to collide with.

2、防火涂料方法，具有一定的裝飾效果，方法可刷可噴，高溫時涂層膨脹增厚可以保護鋼構件，有施工簡單輕便的特點，比較適合用于隱蔽的構件等。

2. Fire-proof coating method has certain decorative effect. It can be brushed and sprayed. Expansion and thickening of coating can protect steel components at high temperature. It has the characteristics of simple and light construction, and is more suitable for concealed components.

 

                                                  濟南輕型鋼結構

 

3、輕質防火厚板包覆法：這種方法不僅損耗小、耐老化、施工方便周期短等特點。

3. Lightweight fire-proof thick plate coating method: This method not only has the characteristics of low loss, aging resistance, short construction period and so on.

4、復合保護方法：在表面要求裝飾，需要粘貼柔性毯狀隔熱材料，或者涂敷厚質防火涂料的鋼柱，采用柔性毯狀隔熱材料，或者緊貼鋼板用的防火涂料，表面可使用防火薄板做罩面板。

4. Compound protection method: Decoration is required on the surface. Flexible blanket insulation material or steel column coated with thick fire retardant coating are required. Flexible blanket insulation material or fire retardant coating for steel plate are used. Fire retardant sheet can be used as cover panel on the surface.